|
[*] Calgene had submitted data on two lines
of GM tomatoes, both using the same inserted gene. They voluntarily
elected to market only the variety that was not associated with the
lesions. This was not required by the FDA, which did not block
approvals on the lesion-associated variety. The FlavrSavr tomato has
since been taken off the market. After the FlavrSavr, no other biotech
company has submitted such detailed data to the FDA. And the superficial
summaries they do present to the agency are dismissed by critics
as woefully inadequate to judge safety.
[1] Edwin J. Mathews, Ph.D., in a
memorandum to the Toxicology Section of the Biotechnology Working Group.
Subject: "Analysis of the Major Plant Toxicants." Dated October
28, 1991
[2] Division of Food Chemistry and
Technology and Division of Contaminants Chemistry, "Points to
Consider for Safety Evaluation of Genetically Modified Foods:
Supplemental Information," November 1, 1991,
www.biointegrity.org
[3] Jeffrey M. Smith, Genetic Roulette:
The Documented Health Risks of Genetically Engineered Foods, Yes!
Books, Fairfield, IA USA 2007
[4] Department of Veterinary Medicine, FDA,
correspondence June 16, 1993. As quoted in Fred A. Hines, Memo to Dr.
Linda Kahl. "Flavr Savr Tomato: . . . Pathology Branch's Evaluation
of Rats with Stomach Lesions From Three Four-Week Oral (Gavage) Toxicity
Studies . . . and an Expert Panel's Report," Alliance for
Bio-Integrity (June 16, 1993)
http://www.biointegrity.org/FDAdocs/17/view1.html
[5] Robert J. Scheuplein, Memo to the FDA
Biotechnology Coordinator and others, "Response to Calgene Amended
Petition," Alliance for Bio-Integrity (October 27, 1993)
www.biointegrity.org
[6] Carl B. Johnson to Linda Kahl and
others, "'Flavr Savr' Tomato: Significance of Pending DHEE Question,"
Alliance for Bio-Integrity (December 7, 1993)
www.biointegrity.org
[7] Arpad Pusztai, "Genetically Modified
Foods: Are They a Risk to Human/Animal Health?" June 2001 Action
Bioscience
www.actionbioscience.org/biotech/pusztai.html
[8] Nagui H. Fares, Adel K. El-Sayed, "Fine
Structural Changes in the Ileum of Mice Fed on Endotoxin Treated
Potatoes and Transgenic Potatoes," Natural Toxins 6, no. 6
(1998): 219?233.
[9] Stanley W. B. Ewen and Arpad Pusztai, "Effect
of diets containing genetically modified potatoes expressing Galanthus
nivalis lectin on rat small intestine," Lancet, 1999 Oct 16; 354
(9187): 1353-4.
[10] Arpad Pusztai, "Facts Behind the GM
Pea Controversy: Epigenetics, Transgenic Plants & Risk Assessment,"
Proceedings of the Conference, December 1st 2005 (Frankfurtam
Main, Germany: Literaturhaus, 2005).
[11] Arpad Pusztai, "Can science give us
the tools for recognizing possible health risks of GM food,"
Nutrition and Health, 2002, Vol 16 Pp 73-84.
[12] John M. Burns, "13-Week Dietary
Subchronic Comparison Study with MON 863 Corn in Rats Preceded by a
1-Week Baseline Food Consumption Determination with PMI Certified Rodent
Diet #5002," December 17, 2002
www.monsanto.com/monsanto/content/sci_tech/prod_safety/fullratstudy.pdf
[13] R. Tudisco, P. Lombardi, F. Bovera, D.
d?Angelo, M. I. Cutrignelli, V. Mastellone, V. Terzi, L. Avallone, F.
Infascelli, "Genetically Modified Soya Bean in Rabbit Feeding:
Detection of DNA Fragments and Evaluation of Metabolic Effects by
Enzymatic Analysis," Animal Science 82 (2006): 193-199.
[14] Comments to ANZFA about Applications
A346, A362 and A363 from the Food Legislation and Regulation Advisory
Group (FLRAG) of the Public Health Association of Australia (PHAA) on
behalf of the PHAA, "Food produced from glyphosate-tolerant canola
line GT73,"
www.iher.org.au/
[15] M. Malatesta, C. Caporaloni, S.
Gavaudan, M. B. Rocchi, S. Serafini, C. Tiberi, G. Gazzanelli, "Ultrastructural
Morphometrical and Immunocytochemical Analyses of Hepatocyte Nuclei from
Mice Fed on Genetically Modified Soybean," Cell Struct Funct.
27 (2002): 173-180
[16] Jeffrey M. Smith, Genetic Roulette:
The Documented Health Risks of Genetically Engineered Foods, Yes!
Books, Fairfield, IA USA 2007
[17] Arpad Pusztai, "Can Science Give Us
the Tools for Recognizing Possible Health Risks for GM Food?"
Nutrition and Health 16 (2002): 73?84.
[18] S. Leeson, "The Effect of
Glufosinate Resistant Corn on Growth of Male Broiler Chickens,"
Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, University of Guelph, Report
No. A56379, July 12, 1996.
[19] Malatesta, et al, "Ultrastructural
Analysis of Pancreatic Acinar Cells from Mice Fed on Genetically
modified Soybean," J Anat. 2002 November; 201(5): 409?415; see also
M. Malatesta, M. Biggiogera, E. Manuali, M. B. L. Rocchi, B. Baldelli,
G. Gazzanelli, ?Fine Structural Analyses of Pancreatic Acinar Cell
Nuclei from Mice Fed on GM Soybean,? Eur J Histochem 47 (2003):
385?388.
[20] Arpad Pusztai, "Can science give us
the tools for recognizing possible health risks of GM food,"
Nutrition and Health, 2002, Vol 16 Pp 73-84
[21] R. Tudisco, P. Lombardi, F. Bovera, D.
d?Angelo, M. I. Cutrignelli, V. Mastellone, V. Terzi, L. Avallone, F.
Infascelli, "Genetically Modified Soya Bean in Rabbit Feeding:
Detection of DNA Fragments and Evaluation of Metabolic Effects by
Enzymatic Analysis," Animal Science 82 (2006): 193-199.
[22] Arpad Pusztai, "Can science give us
the tools for recognizing possible health risks of GM food,"
Nutrition and Health, 2002, Vol 16 Pp 73-84
[23] Irina Ermakova, "Experimental
Evidence of GMO Hazards," Presentation at Scientists for a GM Free
Europe, EU Parliament, Brussels, June 12, 2007
[24] L. Vecchio et al, "Ultrastructural
Analysis of Testes from Mice Fed on Genetically Modified Soybean,"
European Journal of Histochemistry 48, no. 4 (Oct?Dec
2004):449?454.
[25] Oliveri et al., "Temporary
Depression of Transcription in Mouse Pre-implantion Embryos from Mice
Fed on Genetically Modified Soybean," 48th Symposium of the
Society for Histochemistry, Lake Maggiore (Italy),
September 7?10, 2006.
[26] I.V.Ermakova, "Genetically
Modified Organisms and Biological Risks," Proceedings of
International Disaster Reduction Conference (IDRC) Davos,
Switzerland August 27th ? September 1st, 2006: 168?172.
[27] Irina Ermakova, "Genetically
modified soy leads to the decrease of weight and high mortality of rat
pups of the first generation. Preliminary studies," Ecosinform
1 (2006): 4-9.
[28] Irina Ermakova, "Experimental
Evidence of GMO Hazards," Presentation at Scientists for a GM Free
Europe, EU Parliament, Brussels, June 12, 2007
[29] I.V.Ermakova "GMO: Life itself
intervened into the experiments" - Letter, EcosInform N2
(2006): 3-4.
[30] Jeffrey M. Smith, Genetic Roulette:
The Documented Health Risks of Genetically Engineered Foods, Yes!
Books, Fairfield, IA USA 2007
[31] "Mortality in Sheep Flocks after
Grazing on Bt Cotton Fields-Warangal District, Andhra Pradesh"
Report of the Preliminary Assessment, April 2006,
http://www.gmwatch.org/archive2.asp
|